This radical chalk-and-wash drawing was among Bomberg's five exhibits in the ‘Jewish Section’ that he co-curated with Jacob Epstein at the Whitechapel Art Gallery’s exhibition Twentieth Century Art: A Review of Modern Movements. Bomberg's friend John Rodker (a racing enthusiast) also reproduced it as a frontispiece in The Dial Monthly, explaining that it was set in a paddock at a race meeting, that the two figures on the front right of the composition were bookies, those to their left spectators, and that the style was ‘cubist’; adding ‘It is not intended to be comic’. Executed in 1913, when Bomberg was only 22, Racehorses is a key transitional work, which demonstrates his absorption and understanding of the contemporaneous European avant-garde, skilfully reworked into a drawing of startling power and originality.Even before he became a student at the Slade School of Fine Art, Bomberg had begun to employ a shallow picture space and to simplify his forms. By 1913 he was producing ‘Cubist compositions’ including one featuring the wooden ‘donkey’ on which students sat to sketch in the Slade life class (which bears a close resemblance to Bomberg’s stiffly-jointed racehorses). His understanding of Cubism was enhanced by his visit to Paris in 1913 and he was also aware of the 1910 Futurist Manifesto with its explanation that ‘a running horse has not four legs, but twenty, and their movements are triangular’. He shared a fascination with mechanisation with the nascent Vorticist movement, reflected in his manifesto accompanying his first solo show at the Chenil gallery, London, in July 1914, where he explained that his object was ‘the construction of Pure Form’. However Bomberg also combined modernist techniques with allusions to older processes: the close-grained texture of the picture is reminiscent of woodcuts, and the monochrome colouring akin to that in photography of the day. He would have been familiar with Eadweard Muybridge’s famous photographs of the ‘animal in motion’, and his racehorses also neatly illustrate what Muybridge himself noted in his ‘Prelude to Analyses’, that ‘during very rapid motion by a good horse, the aggregate of the body preserves a nearly horizontal line'. Like Bomberg’s other innovative works, Racehorses was generally viewed with hostility and incomprehension when first exhibited with the Jewish Chronicle calling his racehorses ‘Opposed to all that is rational in art’.